unit-1-Raman Effect-Tasks

Task 1  

Form opposites of the words given below by adding prefixes. An example has been done for you.

1. lead- mislead

2. Qualify –disqualify

3. Possible- impossible                                                         

4. climax- anticlimax

5. confirmed-unconfirmed

Task 2

Form adjectives by adding appropriate suffixes to the words listed below. An example has been done for you.

1. person-personal

2. Create- creative

3. Beauty –beautiful

4. Excite- excited

5. pain-painful

Task 3

Complete the sentences using the most appropriate forms of words given in the box.

Incumbent                   terrestrial                             govern                    inform

1. The techno giant was penalized heavily for using customers’ personal information without authorization.

2 .the mottos for the new PM should be minimum government but maximum governance.

3. The ruling party is facing a strong incumbency wave in the upcoming assembly polls.

4. A possibility of extra-terrestrial life has always attracted people’s attention. 

 

Task 4

Change the grammatical category of the words in column A,using an  appropriate suffix from the box below.

-fy           -able                -ment                  -ise                 -ism            -ic          -ity               

-y                 -ion                     -ious                 -ive                  -en        -ing

	ColumnA:word	ColumnB:Grammatical category	Column C:New word
1	Solid	verb	solidify
2	move	adjective	Movable
3	crystal	Verb	Crystallize
4	magnet	adjective	Magnetic
5	national	noun	Nation/ nationality
6	deliver	noun	delivery
7	advertise	noun	Advertisement
8	space	adjective	Spacious
9	fright	verb	Frighten
10	assess	noun	assessment

 

  

 

Task 5

Add suitable affixes to form what is indicated within brackets.

1. adequate (antonym)  inadequate

2. Palatable (antonym) impalatable

3. Suffocate (noun) suffocation

4. Attract (adjective) attractive

5 .additional (adverb) additionally

6 .activate (noun) activation

7.   capable (noun) capability

8   logical (antonym) illogical

9 torrent (adjective)   torrential

10 corrode (adjective) corrosive

 

Task 6

Underline the indefinite articles in these sentences.

1.       Ahab Parekh was interested in renewable energy; he completed an internship with a company dealing in solar energy last year.

2.       A great deal of time and effort has been devoted to finding cure for cancer.

3.       The nucleus of an atom holds a positive charge and has a specific number of protons and neutrons.

Task 7

Underline the definite articles in these sentences.

1. Farmers used the constellations in the night sky for predicting the seasons

2 The man who invented the USB technology didn’t make any money out of it.

3. The primary advantage of Li-Fi technology is that it allows for faster transmission of data as compared to the existing Wi-Fi technology.

4. The Netherland is a beautiful country.

5. The integrated circuits used in computer were replaced by microprocessors in the 1970s.

6. The only way to account for the variations in the readings was to repeat the procedure a number of times.

Task 8

Fill in the blanks using the correct articles where required. You may use a/an/the or X(for ‘none’).

1.       This instance was one of the first UFO sightings reported by 0 pilots anywhere in the world. Whilst flying from one city to another, in the USA, two pilots encountered a large, cigar-shaped craft, flying close to them, barely missing them at times. At one point, the object appeared to stop abruptly before vanishing into thin air. The pilots concurred that it was the long, thin window that emitted the bluish-green glow. It was moving really fast and leaving behind it a trail of orange exhaust.

2.       Several witnesses at the American airbase claimed to have seen an identical object half an hour before what the pilot’s experienced. Officials from the US government were able to rule out the possibility of it being a military or commercial flight as there were no such flights scheduled at that time.

3.       After a prolonged investigation, government officials wrote off the sightings as an illusion caused by 0 temperature changes. They later changed their minds and claimed that it was a meteor. However, experts later decided that, as the description of the object does not at all fit that of a meteor, this sighting will be classified as an unexplained phenomenon.

 Task 9

 Correct the errors in the use of articles in this paragraph.

                 In the year 2005, Arvind Thiagarajan was an 25-year-old inventor with the couple of patents to               his credit. By 2011, he managed to file for about 40 patents. When the president Abdul Kalam presented him with a junior Scientist Award in 2001, he inspired Arvind to invent and, more importantly, also patent his inventions. His most interesting invention is HDFonoDoc, a first device in the world which can analyze and document heart murmurs in real time. It was an replacement for the mechanical and digital stethoscopes used by the doctors worldwide.

 

Task 10

Some sentences below have errors in the use articles. Identify the error and rewrite the sentences. If there is no error, retain the sentence as it is.

1.       The Himalayas are a sensitive eco zone.

The Himalayas are a sensitive eco zone.

2.       A union minister visited our college last year for the anniversary function.

       The union minister visited our college last year for the anniversary function.

3.       The practice makes a person perfect.

        Practice makes a person perfect.

4.       A peacock is considered our national bird.

The Peacock is considered our national bird.

5.       One of the most Prominent Rivers of India is the Ganga.

One of the most Prominent Rivers of India is the Ganga. 

6.       A gold is a good investment option since the interest rates are going down.

 Gold is a good investment option since the interest rates are going down.

7.       The Olympian was awarded a honorary doctoral degree last year.

The Olympian was awarded an honorary doctoral degree last year.

8.       All except the Sharmas were invited to the engagement ceremony.

All except the Sharmas were invited to the engagement ceremony.

9.       The every year many Indian students go abroad for higher studies.

 Every year many Indian students go abroad for higher studies.

        10.  B. tech is a most sought-after degree in many parts of India.   

B. tech is the most sought-after degree in many parts of India.

 

 

Task-11

Read this paragraph and underline the prepositions.

In the 1920s, radios became smaller and more portable, leading to an improvement in military communication. As telecommunications developed, the late 20^th century saw the development of computer and satellite technologies, creating what is known as a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA)- the results of which can be seen in the wars being fought in the world today. Despite these achievements, communications in war can, and often do, still break down – often due as such to human as to technological failings and errors.              

 Task-12

               Fill in the blanks using the correct prepositions.

1.       General Cariappa, the first Indian commander-in-chief of the Indian Army, was born on 15 January 1949, in Kodagu, Karnataka.

2.       In the 21^st century, war will move the cyberspace with the development of specialized weapons, tactics and defenses.

3.       DRC-Hubo, a robot developed by the Korean Institute for science and Technology, was the first robot to get an ID card at the World Economic Forum at Davos. 

4.       War has often been described as a conflict among political groups, carried on with armed forces for a considerable period of time.

5.       In the fourth century BC, Alexander the Great conquered the entire stretch of territories extending from the Indus to Egypt and from Iran to Greece.

 

 Task-13

                Fill in the blanks using the correct prepositions.

1.       Military technology refers to the range of weapons, equipment, structures and vehicles used specifically for the purpose of fighting.

2.       The earliest gunpowder invented by man exploded on contact with an open flame or a red-hot fire.

3.       There is a possibility that in future, most wars may be fought in the skies, and hence, there will be fewer requirements of humans on the ground.

4.       The shrinking of the world, with improved communication and transportation, has increased the probability that hostilities anywhere will affect people everywhere.

5.       At the initial phase of the project, the robotic soldier would be required to be told by the human soldier to identify an enemy. But in due to course of time, the roles would change.

Task-14

Some sentences below have errors related to prepositions. Identify the error and rewrite the sentences.

1.       The politician divided his property between his three sons.

The politician divided his property between his three sons.

 

2.       My brother has a two wheeler besides two small cars.

3.       The address in the envelope was wrong and therefore it was sent back.

The address on the envelope was wrong and therefore it was sent back.

 

4.       When we reached the hotel the entire staff of the hotel was waiting with flowers in the reception.

When we reached the hotel the entire staff of the hotel was waiting with flowers at the reception.

 

5.       During our trip to Shimla, the train went across the tunnel.

During our trip to Shimla, the train went through the tunnel.

 

6.       You can consult a doctor for tips to sleep under hot and humid weather.

You can consult a doctor for tips to sleep in hot and humid weather.

7.       My teacher was angry on me because I was very late to his class.

My teacher was angry with me because I was very late to his class.

 

8.       It is really hard to laugh on Rakshit’s jokes; they are really bad.

It is really hard to laugh at Rakshit’s jokes; they are really bad.

 

9.       Reshma’s parents trusted on her and she never failed them.

Reshma’s parents trusted in her and she never failed them.

10.   These days one needs to mange stress at work and yoga is a popular method.

Task 15

Separate the following into two groups, phrases and clause.

1. Mesmerizing quotes on life from social media- phrase

2. The students are shouting- clause

3. Life-threatening diseases - phrase

4. Gold price has hit all -time high clause- phrase

5. An all-time favorite song- phrase

6. Well-designed but badly executed welfare program.- phrase

7. I wonder why clause- phrase

Task 16

Classify the following sentences into simple (S), compound (CP) and complex (CX)

1.       I called up my brother and discussed our travel plans. simple

               2.    The teacher read out the names of winners of the cultural competition on stage. simple

                3.    The star player did not disappoint his fans as he scored two goals in yesterday’s match. Complex

               4.    Orcas, which are also known as ‘killer whales’, are extremely intelligent animals. complex     5.  Many tourists are feared trapped in the deadly mudslide near the famous pilgrimage town.       Simple

                6. The train was cancelled because of technical issues. simple

7.  Though I didn’t believe in ghosts, the extraordinary events in our house made me approach         the well known paranormal investigators. complex

8.  The title of my next book is ‘I am not what I am’. simple

 

Task 17

Fill the blanks using suitable forms of the words given in brackets.

                 1. If Amy had cleaned her room, her mother would have been (be) happy.

2. You will get an immediate reply If you write (write) a mail to the Customer Relations Officer.

3. If you read (read) books all night long, you would not be able to get up early.

4. If you throw a party while your parents are gone, you will (be) in big trouble.

5. If I were (be) you, I would listen to the advice and go a dentist immediately.

Task 18

Spot the errors in these sentences and correct them.

1.       If it will be sunny, the guests will want some lemonade.

       If it is sunny, the guests will want some lemonade.

 

2.       If I am having more money, I would bought a house.

        If I am having more money, I would buy a house.

 

3.       If you had been sleeping on time, you would be able to wake up early.

       If you slept on time, you would be able to wake up early.

 

4.       If I will be stuck in traffic, I will let you know.

       If I am stuck in traffic, I will let you know.

 

5.       If my brother will be moving to Singapore, I will visit him there.

 If my brother is to Singapore, I will visit him there.

 

6.       If they would want to, they can host the event.

If they want to, they can host the event.

 

Task 19

Insert commas at the correct places in these sentences.

1. The recipe required flour, sugar, eggs and cream.

2. Once the storm had subsided, people returned home from the makeshift shelters.

3. We intended to visit Coorg as well, however, we couldn’t for lack of time.

4. Sanghavi, an avid social media user, decided to spread awareness about the air pollution in her city.

5. I cannot afford a house in Bandra, so I am moving to Malad.

 

Task 20

Insert apostrophes at the correct places in these sentences.

1. Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings have become a part of the Indian imagination of the epics.

2. My friend’s flat is located in one of the most expensive localities in the city.

3. The senior surgeon’s opinion was to go ahead with the surgery.

4. Who’s taken the books that were on my table?

5. The children’s section is located on the right-hand side of this of this bookstore.

Task 21

Insert colons at the correct places in these sentences.

1. You have only one lifeline: use it while you can.

2. On your Facebook profile,you can do the following: upload a profile photo, indicate your likes and interests, create albums of your favourite moments and include a cover photo.

3. I can understand just one thing from satwik’s tweets: he is travelling all over the world.

4. The scientist said: ‘We need to increase our focus on research to encourage the spirit of innovation among the youth.’

5. Make a note of the items you need to carry to the camp: a torch, sleeping bag and safety kit.

Task 22

Check if the semicolon has been used properly in these sentences and correct it where required.

1. I’m allergic to cottage cheese-based curries; milk –based products do not agree with me.

2. Kerala is a lovely place; it has beautiful beaches and lovely weather.

3. The social media usage fell sharply in the hostel last week; many students were preparing for exams.

4.In the meeting today we have Mr Sachit Bhagat, CEO, MediaTech; Mr Piyush Gorakh,Director ,Soltex Marketing; Ms Pratima Shah ,Chairperson,Women Entrepreneurs’ Association of Hyderabad and Mr Satish Sehgal, Assiastant Manager, latitude software solutions.

5. The Librarian placed an order for; books, Magazines and newspapers.

Task 23

Tick the correct uses of hyphen,en dash and em dash

1. We are expecting around 1000-2000 people at the wedding.

2. You may think this solution will work –it won’t.

3. This is a One-way street.

4. Conan Doyle was a famous nineteenth –century novelist.

5. India— China relations have seen many ups and downs over the years.

 

Task24

This paragraph has 10 errors related to vocabulary, grammar and punctuation. Identify the mistakes and rewrite the paragraph.

March 20 is observed as the world Sparrow Day since 2010.The aim is to generate awareness about sparrows, which were once very common in our surroundings, but now they are rare. Till a few years back, sparrows could be seen in nests in almost every backyard and public places such as bus and railway stations. The sparrows stayed in large colonies and survived over food grains and tiny worms, and had a close relation with human beings. Now, it’s hard to believe that this tiny, humble sparrow is in danger of disappearing dramatically. What is causing distress to this humble sparrow? Experts note that the changing human landscape is the main culprit. Modification in house designs in both rural and urban area, rise of skyscrapers, mobile towers and increased pollution have made it difficult for sparrows for surviving.

Task 25

Delete redundant portions and make these sentences as brief as possible. An example has been done for you.

1. This is to inform that tomorrow has been declared as a holiday in view of the scheduling of the local body elections.

Ans: Tomorrow has been declared as a holiday on account of local body elections.

2.       The government is of the view that the petroleum prices cannot be reconsidered at this moment as it would be a counterintuitive reaction to the current global conditions.

The government is of the view that the petroleum prices cannot be reconsidered at this moment as it would be a counterintuitive reaction to the current global conditions.

 

3.       It cannot be denied completely that the player was not thinking of taking a decision regarding his retirement.

       It cannot be denied completely that the player was not thinking of taking a decision regarding his retirement.

4.       We will meet tomorrow in the morning .The timing would be 11am.We will meet in the conference Room. The meeting will be brief. it will be for just 10 minutes.

 We will meet tomorrow in the morning at 11 am in the conference room. The meeting will be just for 10 minutes.

5.       It is the responsibility of the Project Leader that all team members work in a dedicated fashion on the project and ensure the completion of the work in a timely manner.

It is the responsibility of the Project Leader that all team members work in a dedicated fashion. on the project and ensure the completion of the work in a timely manner.

Task 26

Identify the topic sentence in the following paragraphs.

1. An enormous amount of research on how people respond to extreme events has been done by an American University .After studying scores of disasters such as floods, earthquakes and tornadoes, Over several decades, one of the most notable findings has been that people are crushed, they do not run screaming through the streets in a wild attempt to escape the horror, even though they undoubtedly feel horrified. Earthquakes and tornadoes wreak havoc on entire community .Yet people do not usually turn against their neighbours or suddenly forget their personal ties and moral commitments. Instead they more consistently observed pattern is that people come together in the aftermath of disasters-working together to restore their physical environment and their culture to their former shape.

2. An extremely significant factor in climate change awareness is social justice. It has been observed that those who are the most vulnerable to climate changes, those who are already suffering from the impacts of climate change, are the people and communities who contributed least to the problem. When governments and policy makers consider global reduction in emissions it is essential for them to consider exactly which countries are being asked to reduce emissions and by how much. They must be fair and bring in policies that require those countries with excessive emissions to reduce them significantly ,but allow countries with very low emissions to increase them, up to the point where all countries with very low emissions to increase them, up to increase them, up to the point where all countries have the same per capita emissions.

Task 27

Edit the following paragraph to achieve better cohesion and coherence.

Railways, in collaboration with Doodle, has set up free Wi-Fi at railway stations. This is revolutionary and will benefit many customers. You can connect to Rail-Fi by following simple steps; you can teach others as well. When you reach a railway station, make sure your phone or computers Wi-Fi is on because usually people do not keep the Wi-Fi on. Scan for available networks. Find out ‘Rail-Fi’. Next connect to it. Then activation portal opens in your default browser and asks for your mobile number. Enter it and request for ‘OTP’ (one time password). Enter the OTP you have received in the slot. Then you will get a message that you are successfully connected.

Task 28

1. Here is a sequence of events leading up to India becoming a Republic .Write a narrative paragraph based on these points. Remember to use suitable sequencing Words.

·         15 August 1947 –India became an independent country

·         At this time, the country did not have a constitution of its own

·         28 August 1947 –drafting committee appointed to draft a permanent constitution for the country with Dr B R Ambedkar as the head.

·         Drafting committee submitted its report on 4Nov 1947

·         Followed by discussions and revisions- signed by the Constituent Assembly on  4 Jan 1950

·         Two days later, the constitution came into effect. India –now a truly sovereign country with a constitution of its own

 

Task 29

Historical records show that the Titanic had the best wireless signaling system of the times. However, when the disaster struck, help could not reach the Titanic on time. Use these notes to write a paragraph on why the radio signaling system might have failed.

·         The Titanic-had the most powerful radio signaling system of the times.

·         Designed by the inventor of the radio, Marconi, and managed by the Wireless and Telegraph Company owned by Marconi.

·          All messages were sent wirelessly via Morse Code and could be accessed by anybody on that particular frequency.

·         One reason why it failed –the operators on the Titanic were busy handling the communication of high-profile passengers on board –hence did not receive the warnings about the icebergs..

·         Many ships received the distress call from the titanic –but the messages were transmitted and re-transmitted, leading to confusion In the messages.