IMP English lit bits for NET

IMP English lit bits for NET

 👉The Movement was a term coined in 1954 by J. D. Scott, 1literary editor of The Spectator.

👉The term "University Wits" was not used in their lifetime, but was coined by George Saintsbury, a 19-century journalist and author

👉Amos Bronson Alcott suggested the title of Transcendentalists' journal, 'The Dial". It was edited by Margaret Fuller

👉The Scarlet Letter is set in 17h century, Hester Prynne is the protagonist. Pearl is the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. She is named thus because she is outside perfect but inside blemish.

👉In Thomas Hardy, "Tess of the D'urbervilles', Tess gives birth to a sickly infant whom she names Sorrow.

👉Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel, 'Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly' is a part of abolitionist movement.

👉Nathaniel Hawthone's novel, "The Blithedale Romance' modeled after Hawthorne's stay at Brook Farm in 1841. It 1s Hawthorne's only novel told by a first person narrator. It criticized Transcendentalism and its historical background.

👉Pantisocracy was a utopian scheme devised in 1794 by the poets S.T. Coleridge and Robert Southey for an egalitarian

community. It is a system of govenment where all rule equally.

👉Dark Romanticism in American Literature (1840-1860) is also called - the American Renaissance. The genre of Dark Romanticism" is thought to have emerged from the Transcendental Movement in 19th century America.

👉Dark Romantics focus on human fallibility, self-destruction, judgement, punishment, as well as the psychological effects of guilt and sin. Edgar Allan Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville were key Dark Romantic writers.

👉Heman Melville's novel, "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale' (1851) recounts the adventures of the narrator Ishmael as he sails on the whalıng ship, Pequod, under the command of the monomaniacal Captain Ahab. Nathaniel Hawthorne inspired Melville's novel, 'Moby-Dick'.

👉The character Fedallah is a Parsee (Indian Zoroastrian) in Herman Melville's novel, 'Moby-Dick"

👉Milton's monody/pastoral elegy's 'Lycidas' opens with the uncouth swain (or shepherd), who finds himself grieving for the death of his friend, Lycidas. A Lycidas appears in Ovid's Metamorphoses as a centaur (a mythological creature from Greek mythology with the upper body of a human and the lower body and legs ofa horse).

👉Jack Dawkins, better known as the Artful Dodger, is a character in the Charles Dickens novel, Oliver Twist'. The Dodger is a pickpocket, so called for his skill and cunning in that occupation. He is the leader of the gang of child criminals, trained by the elderly Fagin.

👉William Beckford's gothic novel, Vathek' was originally written in French and it was translated into English by the author's friend Samuel Henley. It was inspired by Antoine Galland's translation of The Arabian Nights.

👉 Mr. Micawber of the novel, 'David Copperfield' is widely believed to have been modeled on that of Charles Dickens' father John Dickens who spent time in a debtor's prison when Charles Dickens was a boy. The Marshalsea Prison was a debtors' prison in England. 

Thornfeld Hall, where much of the action takes place, is the home of the male romantic lead, 

Edward Fairfax Rochester, in Charlotte Brontë's novel, 'Jane Eyre'. Mr. Brocklehurst, a cruel, hypocritical, and abusive man is the headmaster of Lowood School in the novel.

👉Dickens' novel, 'Hard Times' criticizes and takes a hard, unsympathetic look at Utilitarianism. This philosophy was also called Philosophical Radicalism or Benthamism. Thomas Gradgrind represents Utilitarianism within the novel. The novel was dedicated to Thomas Carlyle who was also criticizing Utilitarianism. Mr. MChoakumchild is an Overzealous teacher in Gradgrind's school.

👉Thomas Carlyle raised the 'Condition of England question' in its very first chapter of 1839 essay, Chartism', in whichhe expressed his sympathy for the poor and the industrial class in England and argued the need for a more profound reform.